What is an example of ad Baculum?
The ad baculum fallacy is the “appeal to force” and threats of force as means of persuasion fall under its category. “Careful about who you tell those opinions to, you might end up in a hospital” is a good example of an ad baculum fallacy.
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy gives this example of argumentum ad baculum: If you don't join our demonstration against the expansion of the park, we will evict you from your apartment; So, you should join our demonstration against the expansion of the park.
Examples of appeal to the people fallacy are any arguments in which the number of people supporting it are used as the convincing point. For example, McDonald's claims that they have sold billions of hamburgers to people, yet billions of hamburgers sold does not mean McDonald's makes the best hamburgers.
The phrase "ad baculum" is a Latin phrase meaning "(appeal) to the stick." A baculum or baculus (both forms were used) was a walking-stick or cane. Naturally, such sticks were sometimes used to give a miscreant a good drubbing.
Examples: "It's bedtime. Give me any sass about it, and you'll get a spanking!" "You should choose to work more overtime at the same rate of pay."
Appeal to Force (Argumentum Ad Baculum or the "Might-Makes-Right" Fallacy): This argument uses force, the threat of force, or some other unpleasant backlash to make the audience accept a conclusion.
An example of a loaded question is "Have you finally stopped cheating on exams?" The question implies that the respondent has cheated in the past. If the respondent answers yes, she agrees that she cheated in the past. If she answers no, then she is saying that she is still cheating.
Examples of fear appeal include reference to social exclusion, and getting laid-off from one's job, getting cancer from smoking or involvement in car accidents and driving. Fear appeals are nonmonotonic, meaning that the level of persuasion does not always increase when the claimed danger is increased.
FALSE DILEMMA: Poses an “either/or” situation by suggesting that only two options are possible. *Sometimes called the “black/white” fallacy* Ex: “If you don't watch football, you're not a real man.”
Sometimes called the “either-or” fallacy, a false dilemma is a logical fallacy that presents only two options or sides when there are many options or sides. Essentially, a false dilemma presents a “black and white” kind of thinking when there are actually many shades of gray.
Is begging the question always a fallacy?
Begging the question is not considered a formal fallacy (an argument that is defective because it uses an incorrect deductive step). Rather, it is a type of informal fallacy that is logically valid but unpersuasive, in that it fails to prove anything other than what is already assumed.
What is the false dilemma fallacy? A false dilemma is a fallacy that misrepresents an issue by presenting only two mutually exclusive options rather than the full, nuanced range of options. Here's a basic example: If we don't order pizza for dinner, we'll have to eat the week-old spaghetti in the fridge.
Answer and Explanation:
A sweeping generalization occurs when a writer or speaker takes a general rule and applies it too broadly, even if it is inapplicable to specific situations.
False cause fallacy examples include: Believing that wearing your lucky jersey will help your team win. Thinking that everytime you wash your car, it rains. Claiming that playing video games causes violent behavior.
Argumentum ad baculum (Latin for "argument to the cudgel" or "appeal to the stick") is the fallacy committed when one makes an appeal to force to bring about the acceptance of a conclusion. The Ad Baculum fallacy does not so much imitate good reasoning as announce that every effort at reasoning has come to an end.
The Latin term argumentum ad baculum means "argument to the stick." This fallacy occurs whenever a person makes an implicit or explicit threat of physical or psychological violence against others if they refuse to accept the conclusions offered.
Ten fallacies of reasoning discussed in this chapter are hasty generalization, false analogy, false cause, false authority, false dilemma, ad hominem, slippery slope, red herring, and appeal to tradition.
An ad populum fallacy tries to persuade others by claiming that something is true or right because a lot of people think so. An appeal to authority fallacy tries to persuade by claiming a group of experts believe something is true or right, therefore it must be so.
The slippery slope fallacy is an argument that claims an initial event or action will trigger a series of other events and lead to an extreme or undesirable outcome. The slippery slope fallacy anticipates this chain of events without offering any evidence to substantiate the claim.
A complex question is a fallacy in which the answer to a given question presupposes a prior answer to a prior question. Also known as (or closely related to) a loaded question, a trick question, a leading question, the fallacy of the false question, and the fallacy of many questions.
Which is an example of the ad misericordiam fallacy?
Argumentum Ad Misericordiam (Appeal To Pity): appealing to a person's unfortunate circ*mstance as a way of getting someone to accept a conclusion. For example, "You need to pass me in this course, since I'll lose my scholarship if you don't."
False dilemma fallacy is also known as false dichotomy, false binary, and “either-or” fallacy. It is the fallacy of presenting only two choices, outcomes, or sides to an argument as the only possibilities, when more are available.
The university never sent you a rejection letter, so you've probably been accepted. I always leave my car unlocked, and nobody's ever broken in. It's fine to leave your car unlocked. Doctors can't explain how he recovered.
Appeal to emotion fallacy occurs when someone tries to convince another person by evoking their feelings rather than providing evidence. With the appeal to emotion fallacy, people accept a claim as true because they react emotionally to it.
The anecdotal fallacy occurs when people use their limited personal experience to make sweeping conclusions about a given topic. It is an exceedingly common fallacy to commit, and nearly everyone has done it at one point or another.
